{"id":2981,"date":"2022-03-15T11:40:45","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T11:40:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/timescork.com\/?p=2981"},"modified":"2025-03-02T12:50:19","modified_gmt":"2025-03-02T12:50:19","slug":"a-floresta-a-cortica-e-a-sua-exploracao-sustentavel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/timescork.com\/fr\/la-foret-de-liege-et-son-exploitation-durable\/","title":{"rendered":"LA FOR\u00caT, LE LI\u00c8GE ET SON EXPLOITATION DURABLE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le ch\u00eane-li\u00e8ge (Quercus suber L.) est un arbre d'une grande long\u00e9vit\u00e9 (250-350 ans) recouvert d'un tissu v\u00e9g\u00e9tal compos\u00e9 de <!--more--> des centaines de millions de cellules, remplies d'un gaz similaire \u00e0 l'air et dont les parois cellulaires sont constitu\u00e9es principalement de polym\u00e8res tels que la sub\u00e9rine (39,4% \u00b1 1,7), la lignine (24,0% \u00b1 0,8) et les polysaccharides (19,9% \u00b1 2,6), ainsi que d'autres compos\u00e9s extractifs tels que les c\u00e9ro\u00efdes, les compos\u00e9s ph\u00e9noliques (14,2% \u00b1 1,1) et les cendres (1,2% \u00b1 0,2) (Fortes et al., 2006). Le li\u00e8ge poss\u00e8de des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s d'imperm\u00e9abilit\u00e9, de long\u00e9vit\u00e9, d'\u00e9lasticit\u00e9 et de compressibilit\u00e9. Ces caract\u00e9ristiques font du li\u00e8ge, un mat\u00e9riau naturel de 100%, un mat\u00e9riau adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la production de bouchons naturels aux propri\u00e9t\u00e9s uniques et in\u00e9gal\u00e9es pour la conservation et l'am\u00e9lioration des vins conditionn\u00e9s en bouteilles (APCOR, 2015).<\/p>\n<p>Le li\u00e8ge r\u00e9sulte de la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle des tissus du ch\u00eane-li\u00e8ge, ce qui permet de l'exploiter de mani\u00e8re durable et pendant une longue p\u00e9riode, tous les neuf ans, pour l'utiliser dans divers secteurs industriels, tels que l'industrie des bouchons de li\u00e8ge, la construction, le textile, les transports et la mode, entre autres. Parmi la vaste gamme de produits, le plus visible et le plus rentable est le bouchon de li\u00e8ge naturel utilis\u00e9 pour fermer les bouteilles de vin, qui repr\u00e9sente environ 15% du poids de la production totale de li\u00e8ge et, d'autre part, environ 2\/3 des recettes du march\u00e9 (Mazzoleni et al., 2004). Outre son importance nationale, l'extraction du li\u00e8ge g\u00e9n\u00e8re des revenus et des emplois importants au niveau local et r\u00e9gional dans les r\u00e9gions d\u00e9sert\u00e9es de l'int\u00e9rieur du pays, et constitue donc un facteur socio-\u00e9conomique important.<\/p>\n<p>Le Portugal poss\u00e8de environ 50% de la valeur mondiale de la production de li\u00e8ge (APCOR, 2011) et les produits du li\u00e8ge sont l'une des exportations les plus pr\u00e9cieuses du pays, avec une part d'environ 2,2% du produit int\u00e9rieur brut. Outre leur importance socio-\u00e9conomique, les for\u00eats de ch\u00eane-li\u00e8ge jouent \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le \u00e9cologique d\u00e9cisif dans la lutte contre la d\u00e9sertification et le maintien de la biodiversit\u00e9 (Fortes et al., 2004).<\/p>\n<p>Compte tenu des preuves incroyables du potentiel et de l'applicabilit\u00e9 du li\u00e8ge et des avantages du ch\u00eane-li\u00e8ge pour les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes qui lui sont associ\u00e9s, le ch\u00eane-li\u00e8ge est une esp\u00e8ce foresti\u00e8re prot\u00e9g\u00e9e par la l\u00e9gislation portugaise. Sa valeur environnementale commence \u00e0 \u00eatre reconnue au niveau international, c'est pourquoi les for\u00eats de ch\u00eane-li\u00e8ge du monde entier, et en particulier du Portugal, font l'objet d'une s\u00e9rie d'initiatives et d'activit\u00e9s visant \u00e0 les prot\u00e9ger et \u00e0 garantir une exploitation contr\u00f4l\u00e9e dans une optique de durabilit\u00e9.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le ch\u00eane-li\u00e8ge (Quercus suber L.) est un arbre d'une grande long\u00e9vit\u00e9 (250-350 ans) recouvert d'un tissu v\u00e9g\u00e9tal compos\u00e9 de<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":3052,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cortica"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - 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